Bat Mitzvahs are the female version of the "Bar Mitzvah." They are essentially the "coming of age" celebration of young women in Judaism. Bat Mitzvahs are celebrated when a Jewish girl turns twelve years of age. The phrase "Bat Mitzvah" literally translates as "daughter of commandment" in Hebrew and Aramaic, meaning that this is the time when a young adult becomes responsible for following and observing all of the Torah's commandments.
Significance
In Judaism, children have no real obligation (under thirteen years old for boys and twelve years old for girls, as girls are believed to mature faster) to observe and follow the Commandments. The bat mitzvah is a religious ceremony (and oftentimes, a reception/party) that celebrates the girl's coming of age and the beginning of her having to observe Judaism more closely and follow the Torah. It is usually held on the first Saturday following a girl's twelfth birthday.
Function
Ceremonies for bat mitzvahs are a rather modern convention, and they are not required in any way. During the bat mitzvah ceremony, the girl is supposed to recite a blessing from the Torah, the "first aliyah." Bat mitzvah celebrants have to learn traditional chants and the Haftarah reading of the prophets and recite them in front of everyone at the ceremony. The girl will also usually have to make a speech about her coming of age. After the religious portion of the bat mitzvah, a reception is usually thrown.
Theories/Speculation
Bat mitzvah receptions are usually elaborate bashes that are more sophisticated than average birthday celebrations. In fact, they're usually a lot more like weddings. Bat mitzvah gifts are usually given to the Jewish girl and are oftentimes money gifts, coming in multiples of eighteen. The reason for this is that eighteen is considered to be an extremely lucky number in Judaism.
Potential
One of the most important parts of the celebration is the Seudat Mitzvah which is the meal (always kosher) aspect of the celebration. These meals usually take place either in synagogues or other venues. Similar to wedding receptions, Seudat Mitzvahs usually have DJs, sometimes a live band, a photographer, videographer, and a guest list of dozens of friends and family members.
Considerations
When attending a bat mitzvah ceremony, it is important to take into consideration your attire. Even though there are some party aspects to the bat mitzvah, it is technically a religious ceremony so relatively formal and modest clothing should be worn. For boys, a suit is acceptable. Girls should wear dresses. Oftentimes yarmulkes will be offered to boys at the ceremony.
Tags: ceremony girl, Jewish girl, mitzvah ceremony, religious ceremony, twelve years, usually have